Science & Technology Journal
type: channel
description: Science and Technology Journal (STJ) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal publishing research articles, reviews, perspectives, and news across science, technology, and interdisciplinary fields. The journal focuses on life sciences, physical sciences, environmental studies, engineering, and innovation, with an emphasis on knowledge that addresses global challenges and regional development.
publisher: Mizoram University
language: en-US
publication name: Science & Technology Journal
issn: 2321-3388
copyright: © The Author(s) 2025. Published by the Science & Technology Journal (STJ), Mizoram University. Articles published in this journal are open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license. License link: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
items: From the Editor: Unearthing the Deep — The Discovery of Iridogorgia chewbacca and the Spirit of Scientific Exploration
items: Empowering Mizoram State Museum Applying Virtual Reality on Linked Data and Smart Objects
items: Refinements of Generalized Jacobi Method: A Higher-Order Approach
items: Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rainfall Prediction in Mizoram
items: Shadowed and Redundant Rules Removal in the Cloud Firewall Policy: A Modified Tree Rule Firewall Approach
items: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care: A Comparative Study on Communication and Psychological Support given by the Nurse in Medical and Orthopedic Ward
items: Celestial Harmony: Exploring the Analogy of Greek, Indian, South East Asian and Mizo Astronomy
items: Ab initio Study of Halide Double Perovskite Cs,NaAIX (X=Br,I) for Optoelectronics and Cs2NaAIX ̧(X=Br,I) Thermoelectric Materials
items: Distance Estimation of Bok globule CB69
items: Functional Efficiency Quality of Indian Software Industry: A Computational Approach

From the Editor: Unearthing the Deep — The Discovery of Iridogorgia chewbacca and the Spirit of Scientific Exploration
type: item
description: This editorial reflects on the recent description of the deep-sea coral Iridogorgia chewbacca and what such finds reveal about the vast, still-hidden architectures of life beneath our oceans. Moving from taxonomy to meaning, it considers how living “archives” like deep-sea corals preserve signals of past ocean conditions, informing science in a warming world. In the same spirit of exploration, Science & Technology Journal (Vol. 12, No. 2, June 2024) curates eighteen contributions spanning computational methods, nanomaterials, mathematical modeling, environmental monitoring, healthcare research, and cultural astronomy. Together, they affirm a simple proposition: discovery thrives where disciplines meet, and where access—through open, digital publication—widens the circle of inquiry.
creator: Surya Kant Mehta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Surya Kant Mehta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1

Empowering Mizoram State Museum Applying Virtual Reality on Linked Data and Smart Objects
type: item
description: -Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) can be combined to create Mixed Reality (MR) experiences that significantly benefit India's tourism department. These technologies enhance higher-order cognitive learning by immersing users in realistic environments, making them invaluable complements to traditional museum techniques. This Full Research explores the implementation of various algorithms, including Rendering Algorithm, pathfinding navigation meshes Algorithm, convolutional neural networks Algorithm (CNNs) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Algorithm (SLAM), to develop a 3D model of Advanced Mizoram State Museum Environment in Unity Hub. This model was then converted into a VR experience for the Meta Quest 2. First, I go to Mizoram State Museum to Collect the information and take the picture for Creating Dataset and Converting the 3D Image to the Unity Hub Application for advanced Museum Environment Creating Purpose. This Paper Only Explain the two Algorithms only Rendering Algorithm and Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm (CNN). The rendering algorithm was employed to optimize the Animals, Birds, Insects and Leaf's to get the information and Create the Dataset to upload the code. The Unity Hub application wants to them Object Assets. I go to Download to the Various Assets stores Example Unity Hub Assets Store, Sketch Fab and Blender Assets Store Websites. The Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm (CNN) have explained the Object Detection, Object Recognition and Object Identification to the information for the Visitors peoples. The 3D model of Mizoram State Museum effectively showcases biological animals, plants, insects, and human features, offering users the convenience of exploring the museum anytime and anywhere.
creator: V.D. Ambeth Kumar
creator: Rajesh Ramasamy
creator: Gurram Ramakrishna
creator: R. Ramesh Prabhakaran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 V.D. Ambeth Kumar, Rajesh Ramasamy, Gurram Ramakrishna, R. Ramesh Prabhakaran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.19

Refinements of Generalized Jacobi Method: A Higher-Order Approach
type: item
description: This study presents a comparative analysis of the pth Refinement of Generalized Jacobi method, focusing on its derivation, convergence properties, and numerical performance. We first derive the Third Refinement of Generalized Jacobi method and establish a general formula applicable to any pth Refinement. The analysis rigorously proves convergence for various types of matrices, including Strictly Diagonally Dominant (SDD) and M-matrices. Additionally, we demonstrate that the convergence rate of the (p + 1)th Refinement surpasses that of the pth Refinement, assuming the Generalized Jacobi method converges. Numerical examples are provided to support our theoretical findings, showcasing the improved convergence rates of the (p + 1)th Refinement compared to the pth Refinement. These results underline the advantages of higher-order refinements in the Generalized Jacobi method.
creator: Urboshi Hazarika
creator: Samira Behera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Urboshi Hazarika, Samira Behera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.18

Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rainfall Prediction in Mizoram
type: item
description: Rainfall prediction plays a vital role in managing hydrological events. An accurate predictive model can provide timely information to reduce the affects of extreme events such as, drought and flood. In Mizoram, agriculture is a key component of the economy. Accurate and early rainfall predictions are crucial to mitigate the adverse affects of prolonged dry periods or heavy rains on crop yield and the overall economy of the state. Artificial intelligence (AI) models can achieve precise rainfall predictions by uncovering concealed patterns within historical rainfall data. In the present study, Al models viz. extreme learning machine (ELM), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) have been used for predicting rainfall in Mizoram state of India. The meteorological data from 2002 to 2021 is used to train and test the predictive accuracies of the models. The study demonstrates reasonably accurate predictive capability of all the aforesaid AI models considered in the study. The performance of ELM was found superior, exhibiting smaller error and higher coefficient of determination than ANN and SVM.
creator: Abul Kashim Md Fujail
creator: Jarita Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abul Kashim Md Fujail, Jarita Das https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.17

Shadowed and Redundant Rules Removal in the Cloud Firewall Policy: A Modified Tree Rule Firewall Approach
type: item
description: Firewalls are essential for security and are used to secure the majority of private networks. A firewall's goal is to examine every incoming and outgoing data before granting permission. One common type of conventional firewall is the rule-based firewall. But when it pertains to task performance, traditional listed-rule firewalls are limited, and they don't operate well on some networks with extremely big firewall rule sets. This study proposes a model firewall architecture called "Tree-Rule Firewall," which has benefits and functions well on large-scale networks like "cloud." In order to improve cloud network security, this study suggests an improved tree firewall that eliminates shadowing and redundant rules. Initially, this effort creates a tree rule. The proposed revised tree rule firewall effectively locates the shadow rules while avoiding the creation of redundant rules. Next, a cloud-based test was conducted on an altered Tree-Rule firewall that controls firewall rules. It is demonstrated that increased network security and quicker processing are offered by the modified Tree-Rule firewall. Large networks, such as cloud networks, are easier to build using a modified Tree-Rule firewall since it effectively eliminates shadow and redundant rules.
creator: Dhwani Hakani
creator: Palvinder Singh Mann
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dhwani Hakani, Palvinder Singh Mann https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.16

Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care: A Comparative Study on Communication and Psychological Support given by the Nurse in Medical and Orthopedic Ward
type: item
description: The present study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with nursing care in the areas of communication and psychological support given by the nurse during the patient admitted in the medical ward and Orthopedic ward. The study was conducted at a civil hospital in Aizawl, Mizoram, India, from August 2023 to September 2023. A questionnaire regarding patient satisfaction in line with nursing theory by Virginia Henderson's basic nursing care model was administered. Out of 17 areas of nursing care, communication and psychological support given by the nurse on patient satisfaction were compared in the Medicine and Orthopedic wards. A total of 66 patients admitted to the medical and orthopedic ward were interviewed. Out of these, 40 (60.6%) participants were from the medicine ward, and 26 (39.3%) participants were from the orthopedic ward. The comparison of the mean scores of the two groups indicates that patients admitted to the Orthopedic ward are more satisfied than patients admitted to the Medical ward.
creator: M. Lalhlimpuii
creator: A.K. Trivedi
creator: G. Konwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 M. Lalhlimpuii, A.K. Trivedi, G. Konwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.15

Celestial Harmony: Exploring the Analogy of Greek, Indian, South East Asian and Mizo Astronomy
type: item
description: This brief research explores the historical accounts and traditions of astronomy in Greece, India, Southeast Asia, and the Mizo people. We search to discover the common intellectual fabric that these civilisations share across space and time by examining their astronomical works. This research investigates the impact of Indian mathematical expertise on astronomical computations, from the discovery of zero to the development of trigonometric functions. As we shift our focus to Southeast Asia, we learn about the lesser-known but no less fascinating astrological traditions that were common in this area. Through the combination of Buddhism, Hinduism, and indigenous belief systems, a unique system emerged. The sky temples of Angkor and the ancient observatories are two instances of how Southeast Asian astronomy merges religious and scientific constituents. Most importantly, this research includes the perception of the Mizo people, an indigenous group with a rich cultural history. Following Mizo's historical astrological customs, we find interesting similarities and divergences with the larger Greek, Indian, and Southeast Asian traditions. The way that the stars are connected throughout Mizo rites, agriculture, and folklore provides an insight into the relationship between cosmic and everyday life. The investigation goes past listing commonalities to investigate how the Mizo people have modified and customised astronomical knowledge. The Mizo contribution offers a lively notion of humanity's relationship with the skies, whether through cosmic narratives, celestial navigation methods, or traditional star lore.
creator: T. Malsawmtluanga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 T. Malsawmtluanga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.14

Ab initio Study of Halide Double Perovskite Cs,NaAIX (X=Br,I) for Optoelectronics and Cs2NaAIX ̧(X=Br,I) Thermoelectric Materials
type: item
description: Halide double perovskites represent a diverse class of materials, allowing researchers to explore a wide range of properties and functionalities. This diversity opens up opportunities for innovation in various technological applications. They can exhibit tunable bandgaps by adjusting the composition of halide ions. We present a broad theoretical exploration of Cs,NaAl(Br/I),, focusing on its prospect for advanced optoelectronic applications and thermoelectric devices. Utilizing computational simulations, we analyze the band structure, optical properties, and thermoelectric performance of this compound to determine its effectiveness in energy conversion. Cs,NaAlI, exhibits a bandgap of 2.4 eV. Moreover, our calculations reveal a promising thermoelectric efficiency of 1.006 and 1.32 at room temperature for Cs2NaAl(Br/I)。, suggesting its viability for waste heat recovery and power generation.
creator: Teda H. Lalrinmawii
creator: Laihnuna
creator: Z. Pachuau
creator: Joel Lalbiakkimaa
creator: G.C. Lalremruata
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Teda H. Lalrinmawii, Laihnuna, Z. Pachuau, Joel Lalbiakkimaa, G.C. Lalremruata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.12

Distance Estimation of Bok globule CB69
type: item
description: Determining the distance of small, opaque dark clouds is particularly challenging due to their compact size. In this research, we have employed the near-infrared (NIR) photometric technique to compute the distance of Bok globule CB69. This method involves estimating the extinction (Av) of field stars using NIR data taken from the 2MASS catalogue, in conjunction with distance data obtained from Gaia. From the extinction (Av) versus distance (d) plot, the stars that exhibit an unexpected rise in extinction are considered the distance of the cloud. Consequently, we have estimated the distance to this CB69 cloud, as approximately 461+4 parsecs, respectively. This value aligns with previously published literature.
creator: R.S. Paul
creator: H.S. Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 R.S. Paul, H.S. Das https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.11

Functional Efficiency Quality of Indian Software Industry: A Computational Approach
type: item
description: Efficiency measures in the software industry are of huge importance as the software sector is a major contributor to the service sectors in India. This study applied a sensitivity function approach to assess the performance of a few selected software companies in India. A measure called Integrated Functional Efficiency Quality (IFEQ) is proposed. With the data from the CMIE database, the IFEQ is assessed and presented. The results revealed that the companies are performing at an average level. The trends of performance of companies are evaluated over a period from 1992 to 2021. The managerial decision-makers may be assisted with policy implementation to attain business efficiency.
creator: Sajal Kanti Das
creator: Jamal Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sajal Kanti Das, Jamal Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
volume: 13
number: 1
doi: 10.22232/stj.2024.12.02.10